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Wednesday, January 26, 2011

Object Oriented Programming

Oriented Programming
Introduction
Object Oriented Programming, also known as OOP, is a programming methodology in which a computer application is designed as things are in the real world. Object Oriented Programming (OOP) represents an attempt to make programs more closely model the way people think about and deal with the world. In the older styles of programming, a programmer who is faced with some problem must identify a computing task that needs to be performed in order to solve the problem. Programming then consists of finding a sequence of instructions that will accomplish that task. But at the heart of object-oriented programming, instead of tasks we find objects – entities that have behaviors, that hold information, and that can interact with one another. Programming consists of designing a set of objects that model the problem at hand.
With OOP, every object can handle data, get messages, and transfer messages to other objects. The objects will all act as independent units in their own right, and they will be responsible for carrying out a certain process. Software objects in the program can represent real or abstract entities in the problem domain. This is supposed to make the design of the program more natural and hence easier to get right and easier to understand.

What is Object Oriented Programming?
Object-Orientation is a set of tools and methods that enable software engineers to build reliable, user friendly, maintainable, well documented, reusable software systems that fulfills the requirements of its users. It is claimed that object-orientation provides software developers with new mind tools to use in solving a wide variety of problems. Object-orientation provides a new view of computation. A software system is seen as a community of objects that cooperate with with each other by passing messages in solving a problem.  An object-oriented programming language provides support for the following object oriented concepts:
  1. Abstraction
  2. Encapsulation
  3. Inheritance
  4. Polymophism
  5.  Dynamic binding

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